1) Origin of Sufism
Sufism
was originated in today's Iraq around 10 - 12th century during Islamic golden
age and later it is developed and practiced by many Turkish peoples.
After that Sufism is practiced by followers of Sunni Muslim sect all
over the world. the widely known prominent Sufis are Maulana Jalaludin rumi,
Khawaja Moinuddin chisti, Imam aahmad Ghazali etc.
2) Sects of Sufism
Sufism
is not a separate sect in Islam but it is practiced in both Sunni and Shia
sects of Islam.
The
four main Sufi orders –
a) Chishti Order :
The
Chishti Order Saints were lived in poverty and lead a poor life. They used to
earn for themselves or to beg. Most of the followers of this sect are belongs
to Indian subcontinent and Afghanistan.
b) Suharwardi Order :
Suharwardi
order also entered with Chisti in india but it most popular in multan and Punjab
region.
This
order was established in India by Bahauddin
Zakariya.
Leading
saints from this order are Shaikh shihabuddin Suharwadi and Hamid-ud-din
Nagori.
C) Qadri Order :
The
founder of this order is Niyamat—ullah-Qadri during the period of Mughal emperor
babur.
Dara
Shikoh the eldest son of Shah Jahan (The greatest Mughal emperor who built taj
mahal) was one of the great followers of qadiri.
d) Naqshabandi Order :
This
sect is considered as the most orthodox sect of Sufism which is founded by
Bihibillah.
The
Mughal emperor Babur was the follower of Naqshbandiyya leader Khwaja Ubaidullah
Ahrar.
3) Sufi who practice Sufism
Sufi
is a person who follow the path of Sufism. Or
a person who is pure in heart.
4) Features of Sufism
a) The
followers of Sufism believe in love, equality, brotherhood and peace.
b) According
to Sufism belief. “God is the beloved, we have to love God, not to afraid of.” Love
and devotion is the only mean of reaching God.
c) Along
with our holy prophet hazrat Muhammad SAW they give much importance to their master
(peer, Guru).
d) Regular
worship and complete obedience to God (Allah).
e) They
do not believe in cast system.
f) They
emphasis upon leading a simple life
g) They perform prayers, keeping roza, give zakat and go to hajj, but they says that love and devotion is more important.
5) Major Stages of Sufism
1) Sharia:
Sharia is Islamic laws as
revealed in the Quran and Hadis. It is the first stage the followers of Sufism should
have to follow.
2) Tariqah:
Tariqah is the second stage
of Sufism, tariqah means the spiritual path. In this stage master (peer) guide
his followers on the spiritual path.
3) Haqiqat:
Haqiqat means finding truth.
It is a very difficult concept to explain.
Haqiqat may be best defined as the knowledge gained only after the tariqa
is undertaken.
4) Marifa:
It is the final and most complicated
stage of Sufism. Marifa is the mystical of God. That is the ultimate goal of Sufism.
6) Principles of Sufism
There are four main principles of Sufism
1) Repentance:
Repentance is the first and
essential principled of Sufism. If a person wants to become Sufi he has to
repent on his sins by true heart.
2) Sincerity:
It is the second principle of
Sufism. According to this principle a Sufi must have to be Mukhlis and loyal to
his God.
3) Remembrance (Zikr):
Remembrance is the third
principle of Sufism. It is the most important practice of Islam. A Sufi must have
to remember Allah every time.
4) Love (Devotion):
Love is the fourth principle
of Sufism. Love is the name of intense liking. In Sufism it is used in the meaning
of affection towards God.
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